Blue Nevi - Definition, Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Definition:

It is a dark blue or blue -black nevus covered by smooth skin and with minimal or without melanin pigmentation. Amelanotic cellular blue nevus is a cellular blue nevus. Blue nevi are solitary papules 2 mm to 1 cm in diameter or, less commonly, plaques, with a bluish color.

Blue nevi are histologically similar to the Mongolian patch, commonly seen over the sacrum of Asian or African-American children. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare disorder characterized by hemangiomas of the skin and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Also called Jadassohn-Tièche nevus .

The blue nevus, a benign, usually solitary lesion, represents a localized proliferation of dermal melanocytes. They vary greatly in appearance.  They can be flat, elevated, smooth, rough, polyp-like, or sessile.

Causes of blue nevi:

The most possible causes of blue nevi are as:-

• Blue nevi is mostly occur in cold weather.
• Melanoma is more likely to be caused by intense exposure to sunlight in early life.
• Moles are the main cause in the formation of blue nevi.
• UVB is also the main cause of blue nevi, which affects the outer skin layers. UVB is most intense at midday when sunlight is brightest.
• The occurance of varicose veins increases the chances in the formation of blue nevi.
• Certain medications may lead to blue nevi.
• The cyanosis , dark skin , purple skin , or skin color changes are also the main causes of blue nevi.
• Even small amounts of UV radiation trigger process leading to skin wrinkles.
• Long-term repetitive and cumulative exposure to sunlight appears to be responsible for the vast majority of undesirable consequences of aging skin, including basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas.
• UVA penetrates more deeply and efficiently, however. UVA's intensity also tends to be less variable both during the day and throughout the year than UVB's.
• Bulging veins may lead to in the production of blue nevi.
• Raynaud's phenomenon - causes blueness usually of hands, fingers or feet.

Symptoms for blue nevi:

The possible symptoms of blue nevi are as:-

• Skin colour get changed usually brown, black, bluish, or blue-gray.
• Skin lumps may be seen during blue nevi.
• Skin lesion may occur in the affected area.

Treatments of blue nevi:

Some effective treatments for blue nevi are as:-

• Medical Care: Cosmetic camouflage makeup can minimize the disfiguring facial pigmentation resulting from nevus of Ota.
• Laser surgery: Pulsed Q-switched laser surgery is very effective treatment for nevi of Ota and Ito, and it works via selective photothermal and photomechanical destruction of dermal melanocytes and melanophages.
• Cryotherapy: Cryotherapy is also very effective in the eradication of damaged partn of the skin.
• Microsurgery: Microsurgery, is beneficial in acute conditions.
• Dermabrasion: It can be used as alone or combined with other modalities, such as carbon dioxide snow, autologous epithelial grafting and apply towards the affected area.
• Sequential dry ice epidermal peeling is also suitable for the treatment of blue nevi.
• Consultations: Ophthalmologist - For nevus of Ota, which may be associated with a higher incidence of ocular disease.